Origin of thyrotropin-releasing hormone neurons that innervate the tuberomammillary nuclei

LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) UBERON:0001936 · Rat

CTB injected into dorsal (E4–E5) or ventral (E1–E2) TMN retrogradely labeled TuLH neurons. TuLH was the only site where these cells were pro-TRH positive, with CTB in about 64% (dorsal), 68% (E1) and 92% (E2) of TRH cells across 2 rats each. Retrograde labeling also appeared in the peduncular and perifornical lateral hypothalamus.

Results, CTB section; Fig. 2

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) MBA:194 projects to PVH (Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus) MBA:38 · Mouse

mCherry fibers from TuLH TRH neurons were found in the parvicellular paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus.

Results, Trh-Cre section

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MEA (medial amygdaloid nucleus) UBERON:0002892 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) UBERON:0001936 · Rat

Retrograde CTB labeling from the TMN was observed in the medial amygdala. None of these cells were TRH-positive.

Results, CTB section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) UBERON:0001936 · Rat

PHAL injected into the TuLH labeled fibers in both dorsal and ventral TMN, and some of these PHAL boutons contained pro-TRH. The double-labeled fiber density was described as low in E4, medium in E5 and high in E2.

Results, PHAL section; Fig. 3D–F

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to ARH (Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus) UBERON:0001932 · Rat

TuLH PHAL fibers reached the dorsal, medial and lateroposterior arcuate nucleus.

Results, PHAL section

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AHN (Anterior hypothalamic nucleus) UBERON:0002634 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) UBERON:0001936 · Rat

CTB in the TMN retrogradely labeled neurons in the anterior hypothalamus.

Results, CTB section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) MBA:194 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) MBA:557 · Mouse

In mice, PHAL injected into the TuLH labeled boutons on Hdc/HDC-positive histamine neurons of the TMN. Cre-dependent AAV-mCherry in TuLH of Trh-Cre mice labeled pro-TRH-containing terminals and en-passant boutons in all TMN subdivisions, in both sexes.

Fig. 6; Fig. 9; Results, Trh-Cre section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to BST (Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis) UBERON:0001880 · Rat

Anterogradely labeled fibers from the TuLH reached the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

Results, PHAL section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) MBA:194 projects to DMH (Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus) MBA:830 · Mouse

Anterogradely labeled mCherry fibers from TuLH TRH neurons were present in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus.

Results, Trh-Cre section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to PH (Posterior hypothalamic nucleus) UBERON:0002706 · Rat

TuLH PHAL fibers were seen in the posterior hypothalamus.

Results, PHAL section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to PVH (Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus) UBERON:0001930 · Rat

After TuLH PHAL injection, labeled fibers were present in parvocellular and magnocellular subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus.

Results, PHAL section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to NDB (Diagonal band nucleus) UBERON:0001879 · Rat

TuLH PHAL-labeled fibers reached the horizontal limb of the diagonal band.

Results, PHAL section

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BST (Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis) UBERON:0001880 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) UBERON:0001936 · Rat

TMN CTB injections produced retrogradely labeled cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

Results, CTB section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to AHN (Anterior hypothalamic nucleus) UBERON:0002634 · Rat

PHAL fibers from the TuLH were seen in the anterior hypothalamus.

Results, PHAL section

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SCH (Suprachiasmatic nucleus) UBERON:0002034 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) UBERON:0001936 · Rat

TMN CTB injections retrogradely labeled cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Results, CTB section

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LPO (Lateral preoptic area) UBERON:0001931 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) UBERON:0001936 · Rat

TMN CTB injections labeled cells in the lateral preoptic area.

Results, CTB section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to PMv (Ventral premammillary nucleus) UBERON:0007768 · Rat

Anterogradely labeled fibers from the TuLH reached the ventral premammillary nucleus.

Results, PHAL section

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SEP (septal nuclei) UBERON:0002663 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) UBERON:0001936 · Rat

CTB injections into the TMN retrogradely labeled cells in the septum. None of these cells were TRH-immunoreactive.

Results, CTB section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to DMH (Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus) UBERON:0001934 · Rat

PHAL-labeled TuLH fibers were found in the dorsal, central and ventral dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus.

Results, PHAL section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) MBA:194 projects to MPO (Medial preoptic area) MBA:523 · Mouse

mCherry fibers arising from TuLH TRH neurons were distributed in the medial preoptic area.

Results, Trh-Cre section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to LPO (Lateral preoptic area) UBERON:0001931 · Rat

After TuLH PHAL injection, labeled fibers were seen in the lateral preoptic area.

Results, PHAL section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) MBA:194 projects to VLPO (Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus) MBA:689 · Mouse

Virally labeled TuLH TRH axons were seen in the ventrolateral preoptic area.

Results, Trh-Cre section

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PVH (Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus) UBERON:0001930 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) UBERON:0001936 · Rat

Retrogradely labeled TMN afferents were found in the anterior parvocellular paraventricular nucleus. They were not TRH-positive.

Results, CTB section

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MPO (Medial preoptic area) UBERON:0007769 projects to TM (Tuberomammillary nucleus) UBERON:0001936 · Rat

After CTB injection into the TMN, retrogradely labeled cells appeared in the medial preoptic area. None of them were TRH-positive.

Results, CTB section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) UBERON:0002430 projects to PVZ (Periventricular zone) UBERON:0002271 · Rat

PHAL fibers from the TuLH were present in the periventricular hypothalamic nuclei.

Results, PHAL section

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) MBA:194 projects to LS (Lateral septal nucleus) MBA:242 · Mouse

mCherry-labeled fibers from Cre-dependent AAV transduction of TuLH TRH neurons were observed in the lateral septum.

Fig. 8D; Results, Trh-Cre section

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