General anesthetics activate a potent central pain-suppression circuit in the amygdala

CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

High-magnification imaging showed CeAGA axons, but not labelled BLA somata, within the ipsilateral BLA; the contralateral BLA was also sparsely innervated.

Fig. 6 (5); Extended Data 8b

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to STN (Subthalamic nucleus) MBA:470 · Mouse

CeAGA axons innervated the subthalamic/peri-subthalamic region.

Fig. 6 (6); Extended Data 9h

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 functionally connects to ACB (Nucleus accumbens) MBA:56 · Mouse

ChR2 activation of CeAGA neurons reduced formalin-evoked Fos+ cells in nucleus accumbens.

Fig. 7a-e

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to COAp (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part) MBA:647 · Mouse

CeAGA axons were present in the posterior cortical amygdala nucleus.

Fig. 6 (7c)

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 functionally connects to ILM (Intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus) MBA:51 · Mouse

Optogenetic activation of CeAGA neurons lowered formalin-evoked Fos expression in intralaminar thalamus.

Fig. 7a-e

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to ACA (Anterior cingulate area) MBA:31 · Mouse

GFP-labelled CeAGA axons were observed in cingulate prefrontal cortex.

Fig. 6; Extended Data 9a

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to IRN (Intermediate reticular nucleus) MBA:136 · Mouse

CeAGA axons reached the reticular formation, mostly the intermediate reticular nucleus.

Fig. 6 (11,12); Extended Data 9l

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to ENT (Entorhinal area) MBA:909 · Mouse

CeAGA axons were observed in entorhinal cortex.

Fig. 6 (7c,8)

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to PL (Prelimbic area) MBA:972 · Mouse

CANE-GFP labelling of isoflurane-activated CeA neurons revealed axons in prefrontal (prelimbic) cortex. The authors note this projection departs from prior reports and needs validation.

Fig. 6; Extended Data 9a

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to CP (Caudoputamen) MBA:672 · Mouse

Labelled CeAGA axons reached the dorsomedial striatum on both sides, with contralateral innervation sparser.

Fig. 6 (3c,3d); Extended Data 9c

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to BLAp (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus, posterior part) MBA:311 · Mouse

Labelled CeAGA axons were shown in the posterior basolateral amygdala.

Fig. 6 (7c)

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 functionally connects to TEa (Temporal association areas) MBA:541 · Mouse

Activating CeAGA neurons reduced formalin-induced Fos in the TeA/ectorhinal cortex region.

Fig. 7a-e

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to PERI (Perirhinal area) MBA:922 · Mouse

CeAGA axonal labelling was shown in perirhinal cortex.

Fig. 6 (7c)

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 functionally connects to PB (Parabrachial nucleus) MBA:867 · Mouse

CeAGA photoactivation significantly decreased formalin-evoked Fos+ neurons in parabrachial nucleus.

Fig. 7a-e

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to RR (Midbrain reticular nucleus, retrorubral area) MBA:246 · Mouse

CeAGA axons were shown in the retrorubral midbrain reticular area.

Fig. 6 (8)

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to PAG (Periaqueductal gray) MBA:795 · Mouse

CeAGA axons innervated the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray.

Fig. 6 (9); Extended Data 9i

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to TEa (Temporal association areas) MBA:541 · Mouse

CeAGA axons innervated temporal association cortex, including sparser contralateral labelling.

Fig. 6 (7b,7c,8); Extended Data 9g

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to ECT (Ectorhinal area) MBA:895 · Mouse

Labelled CeAGA axons were found in ectorhinal cortex.

Fig. 6 (7c,8); Extended Data 9g

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to PB (Parabrachial nucleus) MBA:867 · Mouse

Labelled CeAGA axons were present in the parabrachial nucleus.

Fig. 6 (10); Extended Data 9j

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 functionally connects to STR (Striatum) MBA:477 · Mouse

CeAGA photoactivation reduced formalin-evoked Fos+ cell numbers in striatum.

Fig. 7a-e

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 · Mouse

CeAGA axons were found in insular cortex ipsilaterally and, more sparsely, contralaterally.

Fig. 6 (3a,3b); Extended Data 9d

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 functionally connects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Formalin-induced Fos in BLA was significantly lower when CeAGA neurons were optogenetically activated.

Fig. 7a-e

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to ACB (Nucleus accumbens) MBA:56 · Mouse

CeAGA axons innervated the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens, with sparser innervation of the contralateral side.

Fig. 6 (2a,2b); Extended Data 9b

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 functionally connects to PAG (Periaqueductal gray) MBA:795 · Mouse

Activating CeAGA neurons with ChR2 significantly decreased formalin-induced Fos+ neurons in PAG.

Fig. 7a-e

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to BST (Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis) MBA:351 · Mouse

CANE-GFP labelled CeAGA axons innervated the BNST.

Fig. 6 (4); Extended Data 9e

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

CeAGA axons were found in the nucleus of the solitary tract.

Fig. 6 (12); Extended Data 9k

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 projects to PIL (Posterior intralaminar thalamic nucleus) MBA:560581563 · Mouse

Labelled CeAGA axons were found in the posterior intralaminar thalamic nucleus.

Fig. 6 (7a); Extended Data 9f

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 functionally connects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Optogenetic activation of CeAGA neurons reduced formalin-induced Fos counts in the nucleus of the solitary tract.

Fig. 7a-e

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CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 functionally connects to AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 · Mouse

Bilateral ChR2 activation of CeAGA neurons significantly reduced formalin-induced Fos+ cell counts in insular cortex.

Fig. 7a-e

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