Transmission of α-synucleinopathy from olfactory structures deep into the temporal lobe

BST (Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis) MBA:351 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

Some FluoroGold-labelled cells were present in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis following tracer infusion into the OB/AON.

Study 4 text

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CP (Caudoputamen) MBA:672 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

Although the caudoputamen contained α-synuclein inclusions, it showed no FluoroGold labelling after tracer infusion into the OB/AON.

Study 2; Additional file 1: Table S2

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ACB (Nucleus accumbens) MBA:56 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

The nucleus accumbens was not retrogradely labelled by FluoroGold placed in the OB/AON, so the authors concluded it does not project to the infusion site.

Study 2 and Study 4; Additional file 1: Table S2

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SUB (Subiculum) MBA:502 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

Subicular neurons were retrogradely labelled with FluoroGold deposited in the OB/AON, indicating a direct subiculum-to-olfactory projection.

Study 2, Fig. 3a; Additional file 1: Table S2

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CA3 (Field CA3) MBA:463 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

No retrograde FluoroGold labelling was found in CA3 (reported together with CA2) following tracer infusion into the OB/AON.

Study 2; Additional file 1: Table S2

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DG (Dentate gyrus) MBA:726 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

The dentate gyrus, although sparsely inclusion-bearing, contained no FluoroGold-labelled neurons after infusion of the retrograde tracer into the OB/AON.

Study 2; Additional file 1: Table S2

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CA2 (Field CA2) MBA:423 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

CA2/CA3 lacked FluoroGold-labelled neurons after tracer infusion into the OB/AON, unlike CA1.

Study 2; Additional file 1: Table S2

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

FluoroGold injected into the OB/AON labelled cells in the posteromedial cortical amygdala, one of the inclusion-bearing sites, showing it sends first-order afferents to the infusion site.

Study 2, Fig. 3a; Additional file 1: Table S2

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PB (Parabrachial nucleus) MBA:867 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

A few FluoroGold+ cells were found in the brainstem just caudal to the ventral fasciculus retroflexus, in or near the parabrachial nucleus, so the precise origin of this projection to the OB/AON was not resolved.

Study 4 text

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PIR (Piriform area) MBA:961 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

FluoroGold placed in the olfactory bulb/anterior olfactory nucleus retrogradely labelled neurons in the piriform cortex, indicating first-order piriform input to the infusion site.

Study 2, Fig. 3a; Additional file 1: Table S2

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NLOT (Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract) MBA:619 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

Retrograde FluoroGold labelling from the OB/AON was found in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, an inclusion-bearing site.

Study 2, Fig. 3a; Additional file 1: Table S2

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OT (Olfactory tubercle) MBA:754 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

No retrogradely labelled cells were detected in the olfactory tubercle after FluoroGold infusion into the OB/AON, indicating the tubercle does not project back to the infusion site.

Study 2, Fig. 3a (panels f-g); Additional file 1: Table S2

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ECT (Ectorhinal area) MBA:895 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

The ectorhinal/perirhinal region, which contained inclusions, also contained FluoroGold-labelled neurons after tracer infusion into the OB/AON.

Study 2, Fig. 3a; Additional file 1: Table S2

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NDB (Diagonal band nucleus) MBA:596 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

Dense, brightly labelled FluoroGold+ neurons were seen in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band after tracer infusion into the OB/AON, even though this region developed no α-synuclein inclusions.

Study 2, Fig. 3a (panels a, f-g); Additional file 1: Table S2

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CA1 (Field CA1) MBA:382 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

FluoroGold infused into the OB/AON labelled CA1 neurons, confirming first-order CA1 afferents to the injection site, whereas CA2/CA3 were unlabelled.

Study 2, Fig. 3a; Additional file 1: Table S2

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ENT (Entorhinal area) MBA:909 projects to MOB (Main olfactory bulb) MBA:507 · Mouse

Neurons in the entorhinal cortex were retrogradely labelled after FluoroGold infusion into the OB/AON, confirming direct entorhinal projections to the injection site.

Study 2, Fig. 3a; Additional file 1: Table S2

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5) agrees.