Amygdala Corticofugal Input Shapes Mitral Cell Responses in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb

COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to OT (Olfactory tubercle) MBA:754 · Mouse

Anterograde CaMKIIa-AAV labelling from the PmCo was negligible or absent in the olfactory tubercle.

Fig. 5B-D; Results

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 synapses onto AOBgr (Accessory olfactory bulb, granular layer) MBA:196 · Mouse

Monosynaptic pseudotyped rabies tracing from nNOS-cre starter cells in the AOB granule cell layer labelled many PmCo input neurons, mostly in layer III. The PmCo held most of the amygdala's share of the brain-wide inputs.

Fig. 1H; Fig. 2A-B; Results, first and second sections

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

PmCo-restricted CaMKIIa-AAV injections produced negligible or no labelled fibres in the basolateral amygdala.

Fig. 5B-D; Results

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to MEA (Medial amygdalar nucleus) MBA:403 · Mouse

After PmCo CaMKIIa-AAV injections, viral expression in the MeA was negligible or absent, consistent with only minimal collateral input.

Fig. 5; Results

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to AOBmi (Accessory olfactory bulb, mitral layer) MBA:204 · Mouse

Sim1-cre-dependent ChR2-mCherry labelling of PmCo axons ended only in the AOB granule cell layer, with no terminal labelling in the mitral cell layer.

Fig. 6A3

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BA (Bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract) MBA:292 functionally connects to AOBgr (Accessory olfactory bulb, granular layer) MBA:196 · Mouse

When the BAOT was infected, light stimulation of the mitral cell layer produced slower, disynaptic excitatory events in AOB granule cells.

Fig. 7D

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to AOB (Accessory olfactory bulb) MBA:151 · Mouse

Cholera toxin B injected into the AOB consistently produced dense retrograde labelling of neurons in layers II and III of the PmCo.

Fig. 1A-D; Results, first section

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to AOBgr (Accessory olfactory bulb, granular layer) MBA:196 · Mouse

CaMKIIa-AAV and Sim1-cre-dependent ChR2-mCherry viruses injected into the PmCo labelled fibres along the stria terminalis. The fibres ended in the AOB granule cell layer, where labelling was strongest.

Fig. 5A-D; Fig. 6A1-A3

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 functionally connects to AOBgr (Accessory olfactory bulb, granular layer) MBA:196 · Mouse

Optogenetic activation of PmCo afferents evoked small excitatory events in AOB macs, much smaller than those in granule cells. The events persisted in TTX plus 4-AP, showing direct synaptic input.

Fig. 6B,D; Results

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 functionally connects to AOBgr (Accessory olfactory bulb, granular layer) MBA:196 · Mouse

Light activation of Sim1-cre ChR2-expressing PmCo afferents evoked fast, short-latency EPSCs in AOB granule cells. The responses survived TTX plus 4-AP, showing a monosynaptic input, and were abolished by DNQX and AP5, showing they are glutamatergic.

Fig. 6B; Results, ACPs synapse onto AOB GABAergic interneurons

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to Isocortex MBA:315 · Mouse

Ct-b injected into the mPFC together with the AOB double-labelled only about 1.7% of PmCo neurons, showing a very limited collateral projection.

Fig. 4I,J; Results, Molecular phenotype section

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to MEA (Medial amygdalar nucleus) MBA:403 · Mouse

Dual Ct-b injections into the AOB and the MeA produced double-labelled PmCo neurons, about 7.6% overlap. This indicates limited collaterals of AOB-projecting PmCo cells to the MeA.

Fig. 4G; Results, Molecular phenotype section

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to BA (Bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract) MBA:292 · Mouse

After CaMKIIa-AAV injections restricted to the PmCo, there was negligible or no viral expression in the BAOT.

Fig. 5B-D; Results

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 synapses onto AOBmi (Accessory olfactory bulb, mitral layer) MBA:204 · Mouse

Rabies tracing from Pcdh21-cre mitral cell starters in the AOB labelled only a few PmCo neurons. The PmCo-to-AOB labelled-cell ratio was much lower than for nNOS starters.

Fig. 1G2; Results, first section

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 projects to ENT (Entorhinal area) MBA:909 · Mouse

Ct-b injected into the entorhinal cortex together with the AOB retrogradely double-labelled a small fraction (about 2.8%) of PmCo neurons, showing a minor collateral projection.

Fig. 4; Results, Molecular phenotype section

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BA (Bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract) MBA:292 functionally connects to AOBmi (Accessory olfactory bulb, mitral layer) MBA:204 · Mouse

Fast excitatory responses in AOB mitral cells to light stimulation of the MC layer appeared only when the CaMKIIa-ChR2 virus had also infected the BAOT. The responses were not blocked by TTX plus 4-AP, consistent with direct BAOT input.

Fig. 7C; Table 1; Results

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COApm (Cortical amygdalar area, posterior part, medial zone) MBA:663 functionally connects to AOBmi (Accessory olfactory bulb, mitral layer) MBA:204 · Mouse

Stimulating PmCo afferents in the granule cell layer evoked no EPSCs in mitral cells but did evoke slower, bicuculline-sensitive disynaptic IPSCs, and light trains suppressed firing in a subset of mitral cells. Paired with vomeronasal nerve stimulation, the same activation increased the gain of mitral cell responses.

Fig. 6C, C1; Fig. 8; Results

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) disagrees. “The 0.333 value (9 of 27 cells) is the fraction of MCs whose firing was suppressed, not a connection probability, and 4 of 27 cells were facilitated instead.”