Most Ventral Pallidal Cholinergic Neurons Are Bursting Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons with Mesocorticolimbic Connectivity

BST (Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis) MBA:351 synapses onto PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 · Mouse

The BNST contained a smaller fraction of the monosynaptic input cells labelled from VP cholinergic starter neurons.

Fig. 2D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

LS (Lateral septal nucleus) MBA:242 synapses onto PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 · Mouse

The lateral septum contained a minor fraction of rabies-labelled presynaptic cells to VP cholinergic neurons.

Fig. 2D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 projects to LH (Lateral habenula) MBA:186 · Mouse

VP cholinergic axons also reached the lateral habenula, to a lesser extent than BLA and PFC, at about 11% of estimated projection density.

Fig. 1C-D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

HY (Hypothalamus) MBA:1097 synapses onto PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 · Mouse

The preoptic area contributed a smaller share of rabies-labelled input neurons to VP cholinergic cells.

Fig. 2D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) disagrees. “The 10.81% figure is for the POA alone, so it cannot stand for the whole hypothalamus, which also contains the separately counted LH.”

STN (Subthalamic nucleus) MBA:470 synapses onto PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 · Mouse

The subthalamic nucleus provided a minor share of monosynaptic inputs to VP cholinergic neurons in rabies tracing.

Fig. 2D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

MS (Medial septal nucleus) MBA:564 synapses onto PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 · Mouse

The medial septum contributed a small proportion of monosynaptic input neurons to VP cholinergic cells.

Fig. 2D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Cre-dependent eYFP AAV injected into the VP of ChAT-Cre mice labelled cholinergic axons that densely innervated the BLA, the largest target, at about 44% of estimated projection density (n = 6 mice).

Fig. 1C-D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 projects to PSTN (Parasubthalamic nucleus) MBA:364 · Mouse

Anterogradely labelled VP cholinergic axons were found in the parasubthalamic nucleus, to a lesser extent than BLA and PFC, at about 11% of estimated projection density.

Fig. 1D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) MBA:194 synapses onto PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 · Mouse

Rabies-labelled presynaptic cells to VP cholinergic neurons were abundant in the lateral hypothalamus.

Fig. 2C-D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

VTA (Ventral tegmental area) MBA:749 synapses onto PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 · Mouse

A small number of rabies-labelled input cells to VP cholinergic neurons were found in the VTA.

Fig. 2C-D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 projects to Isocortex MBA:315 · Mouse

Anterograde tracing from VP cholinergic neurons showed robust axonal labelling in the prefrontal cortex, at about 17% of estimated projection density.

Fig. 1C-D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

ACB (Nucleus accumbens) MBA:56 synapses onto PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 · Mouse

Monosynaptic rabies tracing from VP cholinergic neurons in ChAT-Cre mice labelled the largest share of input cells in the nucleus accumbens.

Fig. 2C-D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 synapses onto PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) MBA:835 · Mouse

The central amygdala was one of the main sources of monosynaptic input cells to VP cholinergic neurons in rabies tracing.

Fig. 2C-D

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.