Synaptic Inputs to the Mouse Dorsal Vagal Complex and Its Resident Preproglucagon Neurons

RPA (Nucleus raphe pallidus) MBA:230 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Raphe pallidus neurons contained CTb retrogradely transported from the DVC.

Results, Experiments 2-3; Table 5

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PVH (Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus) MBA:38 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

PVN neurons were labeled as direct presynaptic partners of cNTS PPG neurons by monosynaptic rabies tracing.

Fig. 10; Table 5

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

The medial cerebellar nucleus was identified as a CTb-defined direct source of input to the DVC.

Results, Experiment 2; Table 5

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RL (Rostral linear nucleus raphe) MBA:197 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

The rostral linear raphe was among the regions that CTb tracing showed projecting directly to the DVC.

Results, Experiment 2; Table 5

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PAG (Periaqueductal gray) MBA:795 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Ventrolateral PAG neurons were labeled by monosynaptic rabies from cNTS PPG starter neurons.

Fig. 10; Table 5

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IRN (Intermediate reticular nucleus) MBA:136 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Rabies-GFP neurons were present in the IRT after cNTS PPG starter infection; none of these labeled IRT cells were PPG neurons.

Fig. 9C

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RM (Nucleus raphe magnus) MBA:206 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Raphe magnus neurons were retrogradely labeled with CTb from the DVC.

Results, Experiments 2-3; Table 5

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VTA (Ventral tegmental area) MBA:749 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Despite projecting to the DVC, the VTA showed little or no Cre-dependent PRV-GFP labeling at 96 h, suggesting no direct or indirect input to cNTS PPG neurons.

Fig. 8; Results, Experiment 2

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SSp (Primary somatosensory area) MBA:322 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Primary somatosensory cortex neurons were retrogradely labeled by CTb from the DVC.

Results, Experiment 2; Table 5

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PVH (Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus) MBA:38 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus showed dense retrograde CTb labeling from the cNTS.

Fig. 1C; Fig. 5B; Table 5

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RPA (Nucleus raphe pallidus) MBA:230 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Monosynaptic rabies tracing from cNTS PPG neurons produced GFP-labeled cells in raphe pallidus.

Results, Experiment 3; Table 5

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B (Barrington's nucleus) MBA:280 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Monosynaptic rabies tracing from cNTS PPG neurons labeled Barrington's nucleus neurons, including a subset expressing Crh mRNA.

Fig. 10; Fig. 13; Table 5

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AP (Area postrema) MBA:207 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Cre-dependent monosynaptic rabies tracing from cNTS PPG starter neurons labeled area postrema cells, some Gad1- or TH-positive.

Fig. 10; Fig. 11B; Table 5

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) MBA:194 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

A dense population of lateral hypothalamic neurons was retrogradely labeled by CTb injected into the cNTS.

Fig. 1C; Fig. 12B; Table 5

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B (Barrington's nucleus) MBA:280 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Dense retrograde CTb labeling followed cNTS/DVC injections in Barrington's nucleus, distinct from the adjacent locus coeruleus.

Fig. 1C; Fig. 5A; Fig. 12B; Table 5

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LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) MBA:194 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Monosynaptic rabies from PPG starter neurons labeled lateral hypothalamic neurons.

Fig. 10; Table 5

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CEAl (Central amygdalar nucleus, lateral part) MBA:551 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Rabies-GFP neurons from cNTS PPG starter cells were found in the lateral division of the central amygdala.

Fig. 10; Table 5

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IRN (Intermediate reticular nucleus) MBA:136 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

No dsRed-positive PPG neurons in the IRT were infected by monosynaptic rabies from cNTS PPG cells, indicating IRT PPG neurons do not provide input to them.

Fig. 9C

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GRN (Gigantocellular reticular nucleus) MBA:1048 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Gigantocellular reticular neurons were identified as monosynaptic, rabies-labeled inputs to cNTS PPG neurons.

Fig. 10; Table 5

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

The medial cerebellar nucleus lacked substantial Cre-dependent PRV labeling at 96 h, implying it does not feed cNTS PPG neurons.

Fig. 8; Results, Experiment 2

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SSp (Primary somatosensory area) MBA:322 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

S1 projects to the DVC by CTb but had little or no PRV-Introvert-GFP labeling 96 h after cNTS inoculation.

Fig. 8; Results, Experiment 2

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RM (Nucleus raphe magnus) MBA:206 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Rabies-GFP labeling from PPG starter cells appeared in raphe magnus, marking it as a direct input.

Fig. 10; Table 5

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CEAl (Central amygdalar nucleus, lateral part) MBA:551 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

The lateral CeA also contained CTb-labeled neurons after cNTS injection, though fewer than the medial CeA.

Fig. 1C; Table 5

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PSTN (Parasubthalamic nucleus) MBA:364 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Many parasubthalamic neurons were retrogradely labeled after CTb was placed in the cNTS.

Fig. 1C; Table 5

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BST (Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis) MBA:351 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Monosynaptic rabies labeling from PPG neurons appeared in the anterior dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

Fig. 10; Table 5

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RL (Rostral linear nucleus raphe) MBA:197 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Rostral linear raphe, though DVC-projecting, showed little or no PRV-Introvert-GFP labeling at 96 h after cNTS injection.

Fig. 8; Results, Experiment 2

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CEAm (Central amygdalar nucleus, medial part) MBA:559 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Most CTb-labeled central amygdala neurons after cNTS injection were located in the medial subnucleus.

Fig. 1C; Table 5

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PSTN (Parasubthalamic nucleus) MBA:364 synapses onto NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

Parasubthalamic neurons were among the prominent monosynaptic rabies-labeled inputs to cNTS PPG neurons.

Fig. 10; Table 5

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IRN (Intermediate reticular nucleus) MBA:136 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

CTb injected into the caudal NTS retrogradely labeled a particularly dense cluster of neurons in the intermediate reticular region.

Fig. 1C; Table 5

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VTA (Ventral tegmental area) MBA:749 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

CTb tracing identified the ventral tegmental area as projecting directly to the DVC.

Results, Experiment 2; Table 5

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KF (Koelliker-Fuse subnucleus) MBA:123 projects to NTS (Nucleus of the solitary tract) MBA:651 · Mouse

The Kölliker-Fuse nucleus contained a dense cluster of neurons retrogradely labeled from the cNTS CTb injection.

Fig. 1C; Table 5

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