Novel Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus From the Subcortex and Limbic System in Rat

VLPO (Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus) UBERON:8440014 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

After CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, ventrolateral preoptic neurons were labelled at a density graded strong (about 11.8 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 7D; Results, preoptic area

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NDB (Diagonal band nucleus) UBERON:0001879 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Retrogradely labelled CB neurons from the CSF-contacting nucleus were seen in the vertical limb of the diagonal band, graded moderate (about 8.3 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 3C,G; Results, basal forebrain

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COA (cortical amygdaloid nucleus) UBERON:0002891 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus contained cells labelled by CB injected into the CSF-contacting nucleus, a moderate projection (about 9.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8,E; Results, amygdaloid structures

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LPO (Lateral preoptic area) UBERON:0001931 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Lateral preoptic area neurons were retrogradely labelled from the CSF-contacting nucleus, a projection graded strong (about 11.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 6, Fig. 7D; Results, preoptic area

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SH (Septohippocampal nucleus) UBERON:0007630 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Sparse retrograde CB labelling from the CSF-contacting nucleus was found in the septohippocampal nucleus (about 2.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 4G; Results, septum

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LSX (Lateral septal complex) UBERON:0007628 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

After CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, the septohypothalamic nucleus contained many labelled neurons, graded a strong projection (about 14.3 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 4G; Results, septum

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MEA (medial amygdaloid nucleus) UBERON:0002892 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The medial amygdala contained cells retrogradely labelled from the CSF-contacting nucleus, a projection graded moderate (about 6.9 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8,E; Results, amygdaloid structures

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MPO (Medial preoptic area) UBERON:0007769 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

After CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, the medial preoptic area was densely labelled, graded a strong projection (about 15 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Figs. 6, 7D; Results, preoptic area

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STRv (Striatum ventral region) UBERON:0005403 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The IPAC showed sparse CB labelling after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus (about 4.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8E; Results, amygdaloid structures

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MPN (Medial preoptic nucleus) UBERON:0002035 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The medial preoptic nucleus showed a strong projection to the CSF-contacting nucleus, judged from retrogradely labelled cells (about 18.3 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Figs. 6, 7D; Results, preoptic area

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TRS (Triangular nucleus of septum) UBERON:0002977 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The triangular septal nucleus showed a moderate density of CB-labelled cells after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus (about 8.3 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 4F,G; Results, septum

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LS (Lateral septal nucleus) UBERON:0002667 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The ventral lateral septum contained dense CB labelling after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, graded a strong projection (about 10.7 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 4C,G; Results, septum

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MSC (Medial septal complex) UBERON:0007629 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The paralambdoid septal nucleus contained a moderate density of cells retrogradely labelled from the CSF-contacting nucleus (about 6.5 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 4G; Results, septum

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BMA (medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus) UBERON:0002889 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Neurons of the anterior basomedial amygdala were labelled by CB injected into the CSF-contacting nucleus, at a moderate density (about 6.7 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8,E; Results, amygdaloid structures

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SI (Substantia innominata) UBERON:0003017 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

After CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, substantia innominata neurons were labelled at a moderate density (about 8.8 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 3G, Fig. 7; Results, basal forebrain

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PAL (Pallidum) UBERON:0006514 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Few retrogradely labelled neurons were found in the basal nucleus after CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, graded a sparse projection (about 2.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 3G; Results, basal forebrain

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AAA (anterior amygdaloid area) UBERON:0002890 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Among amygdaloid structures, the anterior amygdaloid area had the densest retrograde CB labelling from the CSF-contacting nucleus, graded strong (about 13.3 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8E; Results, amygdaloid structures

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AVPV (Anteroventral periventricular nucleus) UBERON:0002690 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Anteroventral periventricular nucleus neurons were labelled by CB injected into the CSF-contacting nucleus, a projection graded moderate (about 7.8 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 7A,D; Results, preoptic area

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BST (Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis) UBERON:0001880 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

CB-labelled neurons were present in the BNST after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus; the 3D reconstruction classes this projection as moderately dense.

Fig. 2C, Fig. 8, Fig. 9

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CEA (central amygdaloid nucleus) UBERON:0002883 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

After CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, central amygdala neurons were labelled at a moderate density (about 7.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8A,E; Results, amygdaloid structures

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PA (posterior amygdaloid nucleus) UBERON:0022229 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

After CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, amygdalohippocampal area neurons were labelled at a moderate density (about 5.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8E; Results, amygdaloid structures

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COA (cortical amygdaloid nucleus) UBERON:0002891 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus showed sparse retrograde labelling from the CSF-contacting nucleus (about 2.7 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8E; Results, amygdaloid structures

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SI (Substantia innominata) UBERON:0003017 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The sublenticular extended amygdala contained cells retrogradely labelled from the CSF-contacting nucleus at a moderate density (about 7.7 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8E; Results, amygdaloid structures

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) disagrees. “The subject ID is that of the substantia innominata, which the paper treats as a region separate from the sublenticular extended amygdala.”

HY (Hypothalamus) UBERON:0001898 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The striohypothalamic nucleus contained CB-labelled cells after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, graded a strong projection (about 10.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 7D; Results, preoptic area

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PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) UBERON:0002778 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The ventral pallidum contained retrogradely labelled cells after CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, graded moderate (about 7.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 3G; Results, basal forebrain

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LS (Lateral septal nucleus) UBERON:0002667 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

After CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, the dorsal lateral septum contained labelled cells at a sparse density (about 4.3 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 4A,G; Results, septum

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IA (intercalated amygdaloid nuclei) UBERON:0002884 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Sparse retrogradely labelled neurons were found in the amygdalar intercalated nuclei after CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus (about 2.8 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8,E; Results, amygdaloid structures

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OV (Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis) UBERON:0002689 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

After CB injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis contained labelled cells, graded a moderate projection (about 9.5 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 5A,C; Results, circumventricular organs

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LS (Lateral septal nucleus) UBERON:0002667 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The intermediate lateral septum showed CB-labelled neurons retrogradely filled from the CSF-contacting nucleus, graded moderate (about 9.7 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 4B,G; Results, septum

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EP (Endopiriform nucleus) UBERON:0014284 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

CB-labelled neurons were found in the endopiriform nucleus after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, at a density classed as moderate (about 7.1 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 3F,G; Results, basal forebrain

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ACB (Nucleus accumbens) UBERON:0001882 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Retrograde CB labelling from the CSF-contacting nucleus appeared in the accumbens shell, rated a strong projection (about 19 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 3B,G; Results, basal forebrain

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HY (Hypothalamus) UBERON:0001898 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The ventromedial preoptic nucleus contained CB-labelled cells after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, graded strong (about 11.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 7; Results, preoptic area

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NDB (Diagonal band nucleus) UBERON:0001879 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The horizontal limb of the diagonal band showed CB-labelled neurons after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, a moderate projection (about 9.7 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 3D,G; Results, basal forebrain

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MEPO (Median preoptic nucleus) UBERON:0002625 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The median preoptic nucleus contained many CB-labelled neurons after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, graded strong (about 14.5 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 6A, Fig. 7D; Results, preoptic area

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CLA (Claustrum) UBERON:0002023 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

After the CB tracer was injected into the CSF-contacting nucleus, claustrum neurons were labelled, a projection the authors grade as strong (about 11.7 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 3E,G; Results, basal forebrain

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BMA (medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus) UBERON:0002889 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The posterior basomedial amygdala showed sparse CB labelling after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus (about 2.3 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 8E; Results, amygdaloid structures

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SF (Septofimbrial nucleus) UBERON:0001878 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The septofimbrial nucleus sent a strong, dense projection to the CSF-contacting nucleus, judged from CB-labelled cells (about 12 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 4E,G; Results, septum

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HY (Hypothalamus) UBERON:0001898 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The alar nucleus of the preoptic area showed CB-labelled cells retrogradely filled from the CSF-contacting nucleus, graded strong (about 10.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 6, Fig. 7D; Results, preoptic area

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MS (Medial septal nucleus) UBERON:0001877 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Medial septal neurons were retrogradely labelled from the CSF-contacting nucleus at a moderate density (about 7.8 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 4D,G; Results, septum

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PALv (Pallidum, ventral region) UBERON:0002778 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The magnocellular preoptic nucleus contained large CB-labelled neurons after tracer injection into the CSF-contacting nucleus, graded a strong projection (about 14.5 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 2D, Fig. 7; Results, preoptic area

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) disagrees. “The subject ID is that of the ventral pallidum, which is a different region from the magnocellular preoptic nucleus the paper describes.”

AON (Anterior olfactory nucleus) UBERON:0002266 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

Cholera toxin B injected into the CSF-contacting nucleus retrogradely labelled many neurons in the anterior olfactory nucleus, graded as a strong projection (about 15.3 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 3A,G; Results, basal forebrain

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SFO (Subfornical organ) UBERON:0002219 projects to BS (Brain stem) UBERON:0002298 · Rat

The subfornical organ showed a strong projection to the CSF-contacting nucleus, judged from CB-labelled neurons (about 12.2 cells per 0.2 mm2).

Fig. 5B,C; Results, circumventricular organs

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