Social memory deficit caused by dysregulation of the cerebellar vermis

FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to VENT (Ventral group of the dorsal thalamus) MBA:637 · Mouse

After AAV1-hSyn-Cre injection into the fastigial nucleus of Ai9 mice, cell bodies, dendrites and axons expressing tdTomato were consistently and prominently seen in the ventral (ventrolateral/ventromedial) thalamus contralateral to the injection, identifying it as a first-order fastigial target.

Fig. 6c; Supplementary Fig. 5

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SS (Somatosensory areas) MBA:453 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Retrograde tracing from the BLA labelled somatosensory cortical neurons.

Supplementary Fig. 6

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to CM (Central medial nucleus of the thalamus) MBA:599 · Mouse

Labelled neurons were detected in the centromedian/central medial thalamus after fastigial injection of the anterograde tracer virus.

Fig. 6c (middle)

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to AM (Anteromedial nucleus) MBA:127 · Mouse

tdTomato-labelled neurons were found in the anteromedial thalamic nucleus after fastigial injection of the anterograde AAV1-hSyn-Cre in Ai9 mice.

Fig. 6c (middle)

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to MD (Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus) MBA:362 · Mouse

tdTomato-expressing neurons were present in the mediodorsal thalamus after fastigial AAV1-hSyn-Cre injection, marking it as a first-order fastigial target.

Fig. 6c (middle)

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ECT (Ectorhinal area) MBA:895 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

EGFP-expressing cell bodies were present in ectorhinal cortex after retrograde virus injection into the BLA.

Fig. 8i2; Supplementary Fig. 6

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PTLp (Posterior parietal association areas) MBA:22 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Retrogradely labelled neurons in parietal association cortex indicated that this area sends input to the BLA.

Fig. 8i1

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to DMH (Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus) MBA:830 · Mouse

Sparse tdTomato-expressing neurons were scattered in the dorsomedial hypothalamus after fastigial injection of the anterograde AAV1-hSyn-Cre.

Fig. 6c (bottom)

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to VTA (Ventral tegmental area) MBA:749 · Mouse

In the VTA only labelled axons and no transduced cell bodies were observed after fastigial injection of the anterograde transsynaptic virus; the authors read this as the absence of a monosynaptic fastigial-VTA connection.

Fig. 6c

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to PERI (Perirhinal area) MBA:922 · Mouse

Moderate axonal labelling was found in perirhinal cortex as a second-order fastigial target.

Fig. 7c4, 7e1; Supplementary Fig. 5

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PERI (Perirhinal area) MBA:922 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Retrogradely labelled somata in perirhinal cortex indicated perirhinal input to the BLA.

Fig. 8i2; Supplementary Fig. 6

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to MOp (Primary motor area) MBA:985 · Mouse

Dense axonal labelling was observed in primary motor cortex as a second-order fastigial target in the anterograde transsynaptic tracing experiment.

Fig. 7a4; Supplementary Fig. 5

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VIS (Visual areas) MBA:669 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Neurons labelled by the retrograde virus injected in the BLA were found in visual cortex.

Supplementary Fig. 6

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ILA (Infralimbic area) MBA:44 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Infralimbic cortical neurons were retrogradely labelled from the BLA injection of AAVrg-hSyn-EGFP.

Supplementary Fig. 6

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CBX (Cerebellar cortex) MBA:528 functionally connects to CL:0000121 · Mouse

In cerebellar slices from nNOS-ChR2 mice, 8 Hz light trains raised action-potential frequency in molecular layer interneurons and simultaneously lowered the firing rate of downstream Purkinje cells while increasing the irregularity of their spiking, consistent with GABAergic inhibition of Purkinje cells by these interneurons.

Fig. 2b–f

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ORB (Orbital area) MBA:714 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

EGFP-expressing somata were observed in orbitofrontal cortex following retrograde virus injection into the BLA.

Fig. 8h2

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

The basolateral amygdala showed almost no labelling after fastigial anterograde transsynaptic tracing, and in dual-tracing experiments fastigial-derived tdTomato signals rarely contacted retrogradely EGFP-labelled BLA-projecting neurons, arguing against a mono- or disynaptic fastigial-to-BLA pathway.

Fig. 7d4; Fig. 8h, 8i; Supplementary Fig. 5

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PL (Prelimbic area) MBA:972 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Retrograde labelling from the BLA identified prelimbic prefrontal neurons as BLA inputs.

Supplementary Fig. 6

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to RN (Red nucleus) MBA:214 · Mouse

Transduced neurons and their processes were found in the red nucleus, indicating a direct projection from the fastigial nucleus.

Fig. 6c

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to RSP (Retrosplenial area) MBA:254 · Mouse

Moderate second-order axonal labelling was present in the dysgranular and granular retrosplenial cortices after fastigial anterograde transsynaptic tracing.

Fig. 7c1, 7c2; Supplementary Fig. 5

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to ORB (Orbital area) MBA:714 · Mouse

A high density of labelled axons was present in the orbitofrontal cortex, a second-order target downstream of the fastigial nucleus.

Fig. 7a5; Supplementary Fig. 5

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ENTl (Entorhinal area, lateral part) MBA:918 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Retrograde labelling from the BLA revealed input neurons in lateral entorhinal cortex.

Supplementary Fig. 6

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PF (Parafascicular nucleus) MBA:930 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Numerous retrogradely EGFP-labelled neurons were present in the parafascicular thalamic nucleus after BLA injection of AAVrg-hSyn-EGFP.

Fig. 8d, 8e

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to ENTl (Entorhinal area, lateral part) MBA:918 · Mouse

Moderate labelling of axons appeared in lateral entorhinal cortex, downstream of the fastigial nucleus by two synapses.

Fig. 7e1; Supplementary Fig. 5

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to ILA (Infralimbic area) MBA:44 · Mouse

The infralimbic cortex contained only sparse labelled axons after fastigial injection of the anterograde transsynaptic virus.

Fig. 7a3; Supplementary Fig. 5

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AUD (Auditory areas) MBA:247 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Retrograde EGFP labelling from the BLA revealed input neurons in auditory cortex.

Supplementary Fig. 6

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VENT (Ventral group of the dorsal thalamus) MBA:637 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Retrogradely labelled cell bodies were rarely seen in the ventral thalamus after BLA injection of AAVrg-hSyn-EGFP; only EGFP-filled axons were present there, implying the ventral thalamus receives BLA output rather than providing input.

Fig. 8d

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to PL (Prelimbic area) MBA:972 · Mouse

Moderate axonal labelling was found in the prelimbic subdivision of medial prefrontal cortex as a second-order target of the fastigial nucleus.

Fig. 7a2; Supplementary Figs. 5, 8

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 · Mouse

Labelling was scarce in the central amygdala after fastigial injection of the anterograde transsynaptic virus, indicating no mono- or disynaptic fastigial innervation.

Fig. 7d4; Supplementary Fig. 5

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to ECT (Ectorhinal area) MBA:895 · Mouse

Moderate labelling of axons was observed in ectorhinal cortex, a second-order target downstream of the fastigial nucleus.

Fig. 7c4, 7e1; Supplementary Fig. 5

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to TEa (Temporal association areas) MBA:541 · Mouse

High-density axonal labelling was seen in temporal association cortex as a second-order fastigial target.

Fig. 7e1; Supplementary Fig. 5

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to SSp (Primary somatosensory area) MBA:322 · Mouse

A high density of labelled axons was found in primary somatosensory cortex as a second-order target of the fastigial nucleus after anterograde transsynaptic tracing.

Fig. 7; Supplementary Fig. 5

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TEa (Temporal association areas) MBA:541 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Retrograde tracing from the BLA labelled neurons in temporal association cortex.

Supplementary Fig. 6

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BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 projects to ACB (Nucleus accumbens) MBA:56 · Mouse

In mice with virus injected in the BLA, EGFP-labelled axons without labelled somata filled the nucleus accumbens, indicating that the accumbens is a BLA output target.

Fig. 8g

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to ACB (Nucleus accumbens) MBA:56 · Mouse

Labelled axons without labelled somata were seen in the nucleus accumbens, indicating a second-order fastigial pathway revealed by the anterograde transsynaptic virus.

Fig. 7b3; Supplementary Fig. 5

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VTA (Ventral tegmental area) MBA:749 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Retrograde AAVrg-hSyn-EGFP injected into the BLA labelled cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area, showing that VTA neurons provide input to the BLA.

Fig. 8f

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to PTLp (Posterior parietal association areas) MBA:22 · Mouse

Dense labelled axons were observed in parietal association cortex, identified as a second-order target of the fastigial nucleus.

Fig. 7c3; Supplementary Fig. 5

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to HIP (Hippocampal region) MBA:1080 · Mouse

Labelling was scarce in hippocampal subfields after fastigial injection of the anterograde transsynaptic virus, which the authors took as evidence against mono- or disynaptic fastigial innervation of the hippocampus.

Fig. 7d1–d3; Supplementary Fig. 5

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PVT (Paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus) MBA:149 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Many EGFP-expressing somata were found in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus after retrograde virus injection into the BLA.

Fig. 8d, 8e

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to CP (Caudoputamen) MBA:672 · Mouse

Axonal (but not somatic) labelling was evident in the dorsal striatum, indicating a second-order (disynaptic) pathway from the fastigial nucleus traced with the anterograde transsynaptic virus.

Fig. 7b2; Supplementary Fig. 5

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to SNc (Substantia nigra, compact part) MBA:374 · Mouse

Labelled somata and processes in the substantia nigra pars compacta indicated a direct fastigial projection to this basal ganglia nucleus.

Fig. 6c

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to LHA (Lateral hypothalamic area) MBA:194 · Mouse

Sparsely distributed labelled neurons were observed in the lateral hypothalamus after fastigial injection of the anterograde virus.

Fig. 6c (bottom)

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BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 projects to VENT (Ventral group of the dorsal thalamus) MBA:637 · Mouse

EGFP-labelled axons but no somata were seen in the ventral thalamus of mice injected with the virus in the BLA, which the authors interpret as the ventral thalamus being an output target of the BLA.

Fig. 8d

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to CL (Central lateral nucleus of the thalamus) MBA:575 · Mouse

Labelled neurons appeared in the centrolateral thalamic nucleus following fastigial injection of the anterograde AAV1-hSyn-Cre in Ai9 mice.

Fig. 6c (middle)

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MD (Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus) MBA:362 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Retrograde labelling from the BLA produced many EGFP-positive neurons in the mediodorsal thalamus.

Fig. 8d, 8e

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to PVT (Paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus) MBA:149 · Mouse

Neurons labelled by the anterograde virus injected in the fastigial nucleus were found in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus; these cells were distinct from the BLA-projecting neurons labelled retrogradely in the same nucleus.

Fig. 6c (middle); Fig. 8e

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to BMAp (Basomedial amygdalar nucleus, posterior part) MBA:334 · Mouse

The posterior basomedial amygdala showed scarce labelling following fastigial anterograde transsynaptic tracing, indicating no mono- or disynaptic input from the fastigial nucleus.

Fig. 7d4; Supplementary Fig. 5

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MOp (Primary motor area) MBA:985 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

EGFP-expressing somata were seen in primary motor cortex after retrograde virus injection into the BLA.

Fig. 8h1; Supplementary Fig. 6

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MG (Medial geniculate complex) MBA:475 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

A large number of EGFP-expressing somata were observed in the medial geniculate nucleus after retrograde tracer injection into the BLA.

Fig. 8d, 8e

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FN (Fastigial nucleus) MBA:989 projects to ACA (Anterior cingulate area) MBA:31 · Mouse

Dense second-order axonal labelling was found in the anterior cingulate cortex after fastigial injection of the anterograde transsynaptic virus; labelling in the rostral cingulate subregion (Acg) was moderate.

Fig. 7b1, 7a1; Supplementary Fig. 5

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