Bidirectional fear modulation by discrete anterior insular circuits in male mice

AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 projects to MD (Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus) MBA:362 · Mouse

Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated CTB injected into the mediodorsal thalamus retrogradely labelled aIC neurons, mainly in deep layers (about layer 6). None of these cells were also labelled by the amygdala tracer. They outnumbered the amygdala-projecting aIC cells.

Fig. 4A-E; Figure 4—figure supplement 1

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 projects to MD (Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus) MBA:362 · Mouse

After AAV-CaMKII-ChR2-eYFP was injected into the aIC, eYFP-labelled axon terminals in the thalamus were found mainly in the mediodorsal and central medial nuclei.

Fig. 5B

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 projects to CEA (Central amygdalar nucleus) MBA:536 · Mouse

After AAV-CaMKII-ChR2-eYFP was injected into the aIC, labelled axon terminals were also found in the central amygdala.

Fig. 5F

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 projects to CM (Central medial nucleus of the thalamus) MBA:599 · Mouse

Viral anterograde labelling of aIC pyramidal neurons with ChR2-eYFP showed terminals in the central medial thalamus as well as in the MD.

Fig. 5B

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated CTB injected into the amygdala, centred on the BLA, retrogradely labelled aIC neurons, mostly around layer 5. These cells formed a population separate from the thalamus-projecting neurons.

Fig. 4A-E; Figure 4—figure supplement 1

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.

AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

After AAV-CaMKII-ChR2-eYFP was injected into the aIC, labelled axon terminals in the amygdala were seen mainly in the basolateral nucleus.

Fig. 5F

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5-5) agrees.