Distinct basolateral amygdala excitatory inputs mediate the somatosensory and aversive-affective components of pain

MD (Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus) MBA:362 synapses onto BLA glutamatergic principal neurons nt-wprma5fcrr · Mouse

Monosynaptic rabies tracing from CaMKII-Cre BLA starter cells labelled many neurons in the mediodorsal thalamus; these labelled cells colocalized with glutamate immunostaining and seldom with GABA.

Fig. 4, F–I

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AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 synapses onto BLA glutamatergic principal neurons nt-wprma5fcrr · Mouse

Cre-dependent helper viruses plus EnvA-pseudotyped rabies virus in the BLA of CaMKII-Cre mice produced abundant EGFP-labelled presynaptic neurons in the insular cortex; these input neurons were largely immunopositive for glutamate and rarely for GABA.

Fig. 4, A–E, I

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MD (Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus) MBA:362 functionally connects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Optical stimulation of ChR2-expressing mediodorsal thalamic glutamatergic terminals reliably evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in BLA neurons in slices, which were blocked by DNQX.

Fig. 7, A–D

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AUD (Auditory areas) MBA:247 synapses onto BLA glutamatergic principal neurons nt-wprma5fcrr · Mouse

Rabies-labelled presynaptic neurons of BLA glutamatergic cells were also observed in the auditory cortex.

Results, Fig. S1

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MD (Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus) MBA:362 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Cre-dependent ChR2-mCherry injected into the mediodorsal thalamus of CaMKII-Cre mice labelled axon terminals in the BLA at the optical fibre implantation site.

Experimental procedures (anterograde tracing); Fig. 8B

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5) is unsure. “Anterograde tracing is only described in Methods and the Fig. 8B caption mentions only the fiber implantation site, so terminal labelling is not stated.”

MD (Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus) MBA:362 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

CTB-488 injected into the BLA retrogradely labelled neurons in the mediodorsal thalamus, identifying BLA-projecting MD neurons for recording.

Fig. 7, E and F

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AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Cre-dependent ChR2-mCherry expressed in glutamatergic neurons of the insular cortex of CaMKII-Cre mice produced labelled axonal fibres in the BLA, where the optical fibre was placed.

Experimental procedures (anterograde tracing); Fig. 6B

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5) is unsure. “Anterograde result is not reported in text and Fig. 6B caption shows only the fiber implantation site.”

AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 functionally connects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Brief blue-light stimulation of ChR2-expressing insular cortex glutamatergic terminals in slices evoked postsynaptic currents in BLA neurons, and these currents were abolished by the AMPA-receptor antagonist DNQX, indicating a glutamatergic excitatory connection.

Fig. 5, C and D

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PF (Parafascicular nucleus) MBA:930 synapses onto BLA glutamatergic principal neurons nt-wprma5fcrr · Mouse

Presynaptic neurons labelled by monosynaptic rabies tracing from BLA glutamatergic neurons were found in the parafascicular thalamic nucleus.

Results, Fig. S1

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ECT (Ectorhinal area) MBA:895 synapses onto BLA glutamatergic principal neurons nt-wprma5fcrr · Mouse

Monosynaptic rabies tracing from BLA glutamatergic neurons labelled presynaptic cells in the ectorhinal cortex.

Results, Fig. S1

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5) agrees.

AI (Agranular insular area) MBA:95 projects to BLA (Basolateral amygdalar nucleus) MBA:295 · Mouse

Injection of the retrograde tracer CTB-488 into the BLA labelled a population of neurons in the insular cortex, which were subsequently targeted for whole-cell recording as BLA-projecting IC neurons.

Fig. 5, E and F

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PO (Posterior complex of the thalamus) MBA:1020 synapses onto BLA glutamatergic principal neurons nt-wprma5fcrr · Mouse

Rabies tracing from BLA glutamatergic starter cells labelled input neurons in the posterior thalamic nuclear group.

Results, Fig. S1

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PIR (Piriform area) MBA:961 synapses onto BLA glutamatergic principal neurons nt-wprma5fcrr · Mouse

Rabies-based retrograde monosynaptic tracing from BLA glutamatergic starter neurons revealed intensely labelled input neurons in the piriform cortex.

Results, Fig. 4C and Fig. S1

Made by an AI model reading the paper (claude-opus-5, extract@0.3.0); a second AI model (claude-opus-5) agrees.